| Table of Contents |
| Ch. 1 | Soils and the Environment | 1 |
| 1.1 | The Birth of Environmental Soil Science | 1 |
| 1.2 | Concept of Environmental Science | 2 |
| 1.3 | Concept of Ecology | 4 |
| 1.4 | Definition and Concept of Soils | 5 |
| 1.5 | Pedologic Concept of Soils | 7 |
| 1.6 | Soil Orders | 13 |
| 1.7 | Relation of Soil Orders with the Environment | 31 |
| Ch. 2 | Inorganic Soil Constituents | 37 |
| 2.1 | Soil Composition | 37 |
| 2.2 | Inorganic Constituents | 40 |
| 2.3 | Mineral Composition | 41 |
| 2.4 | Primary Minerals | 44 |
| 2.5 | Weathering of Primary Minerals | 53 |
| 2.6 | Secondary Minerals | 71 |
| Ch. 3 | Organic Soil Constituents | 93 |
| 3.1 | Soil Organic Matter | 93 |
| 3.2 | Humus | 98 |
| 3.3 | Soil Biomass | 101 |
| 3.4 | Biochemical Reactions of Soil Microorganisms | 125 |
| 3.5 | Nonhumified Organic Matter | 141 |
| 3.6 | Humified Organic Matter | 153 |
| Ch. 4 | Gas Phase in Soils | 163 |
| 4.1 | Soil Air | 163 |
| 4.2 | Soil Aeration | 166 |
| 4.3 | Soil Air Quality in Agriculture | 169 |
| 4.4 | Biochemical Effect of Aeration | 173 |
| 4.5 | Biological Effect of Aeration | 179 |
| 4.6 | Chemical Effect of Aeration | 186 |
| Ch. 5 | Liquid Phase | 189 |
| 5.1 | The Concept of Solutions | 189 |
| 5.2 | Types of Water in Soil | 189 |
| 5.3 | The Soil Solution | 191 |
| 5.4 | Movement of Soil Water | 198 |
| 5.5 | Water Losses | 204 |
| 5.6 | Dissolved Solid Substances | 209 |
| 5.7 | Environmental Issues of Soil Solutes | 237 |
| 5.8 | Dissolved Gas | 242 |
| 5.9 | Oxygen Demand | 248 |
| Ch. 6 | Soil Physics in the Environment | 251 |
| 6.1 | Physical Properties | 251 |
| 6.2 | Particle Size Distribution | 253 |
| 6.3 | Soil Structure | 261 |
| 6.4 | Soil Density and Soil Porosity | 267 |
| 6.5 | Soil Consistence | 271 |
| 6.6 | Thermal Properties of Soils | 275 |
| 6.7 | The Issue of Soil Physics in Histosols | 280 |
| Ch. 7 | Electrochemical Properties of Solid Constituents | 283 |
| 7.1 | Electrical Charges | 283 |
| 7.2 | Soil Clays | 284 |
| 7.3 | Anion Exchange Capacity | 298 |
| 7.4 | Soil Organic Matter | 302 |
| 7.5 | Soil Reaction | 310 |
| 7.6 | The Aesthetic Issue of Induced Micronutrient Toxicity and Deficiency | 316 |
| Ch. 8 | Soils and Crop Production | 317 |
| 8.1 | Clearing New Lands | 318 |
| 8.2 | Soil Degradation and the Issue of Retrogression | 324 |
| 8.3 | Environmental Changes | 332 |
| 8.4 | The Issue of Biodiversity | 336 |
| 8.5 | Plantation Agriculture and Agroforestry | 343 |
| 8.6 | Intensifying Soil Productivity | 348 |
| 8.7 | Residue, No-Till, and Strip-Till Farming | 355 |
| 8.8 | Organic Farming | 357 |
| 8.9 | LISA or Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture | 360 |
| Ch. 9 | Soilless Agriculture | 363 |
| 9.1 | Hydroponics | 363 |
| 9.2 | Hydroponic Cultivation of Algae | 370 |
| 9.3 | Aeroponics | 373 |
| 9.4 | Nutrient Film Technique | 376 |
| 9.5 | Artificial Soil | 376 |
| 9.6 | Aquaculture | 379 |
| 9.7 | Aquaculture in the United States | 391 |
| 9.8 | The Law of the Sea | 396 |
| Ch. 10 | Biotechnology in Soil Science and Agriculture | 397 |
| 10.1 | Definitions and Concepts | 397 |
| 10.2 | Food Biotechnology | 400 |
| 10.3 | Agricultural Biotechnology | 407 |
| 10.4 | Tissue Culture | 414 |
| 10.5 | Environmental Significance of Tissue Cultures | 416 |
| 10.6 | Soil Biotechnology | 418 |
| Ch. 11 | Soil and Pollution | 425 |
| 11.1 | Forms of Pollution | 425 |
| 11.2 | Definition and Concept of Waste | 426 |
| 11.3 | Agricultural Waste | 427 |
| 11.4 | Composting and Compost | 439 |
| 11.5 | Industrial Waste | 441 |
| 11.6 | Waste from Food Processing Plants | 449 |
| 11.7 | Municipal Waste | 450 |
| 11.8 | Detoxification of Waste | 458 |
| 11.9 | Soil Remediation | 460 |
| 11.10 | Soil Resilience | 467 |
| 11.11 | Environmental Impact of Agricultural and Industrial Waste | |
| App. A | Atomic Weights of the Major Elements in Soils | 479 |
| App. B | International System of Units (SI) | 483 |
| | Factors for Converting U.S. Units into SI Units | 483 |
| App. C | U.S. Weights and Measures | 487 |
| | References and Additional Readings | 489 |
| | Index | 517 |